Friday, May 31, 2019

Favoritism And The Powers Of The Gods :: essays research papers

Favoritism and the Powers of the perfectionsIn ancient times, people believed that their lives would be significantly better off if the gods favored them. In the Aeneid, gods were battling with each other over who would control fate. Even the playscript shows us incidences of favoritism. In a society where everything is governed by the gods, the favor of a god bestowed upon a person was extremely important. In the sources, The Aeneid and The Bible, favoritism and the powers of the gods play crucial roles in determining the outcome of the stories.While reading the Bible, one cannot help but figure out out the obvious cases of favoritism. In the story of Cain and Abel, the cleric God is portrayed as a supreme being, who demands that the highest respect be paid to Him. In receiving offerings from Cain and Abel, God expects that they would bring Him only the best they could give. He took it for granted that each of the boys would sacrifice anything to please Him. However, this wasn t to be3 In the course of timeCain brought an offering to the Lordfrom the fruit of the soil, 4 while Abel, for his part, brought one of the best first-lings of his flock. The Lord looked with favor on Abel and his offering, 5 but on Cain and his offering he did not.(Genesis 43-5)This release shows that by giving an offering that is deemed worthy, the favor of God will shine down. However, the opposite also holds true, that if ones offering is only sub-par, then God will not look down upon you with favor, as is the case with Cain.This idea is also portrayed in the story of Noah. The Lord God has seen that his beautiful earthly concern has been corrupted, and decides that he will destroy all living things on Earth. However, God spares Noah and all of Noahs descendants because, Noah found this favor with the Lord (Genesis 68). The Bible describes how Noah sought the approval of God. In the story it says he was, a good man and blameless in that age, for he walked with God (Genesis 69 -10). God concludes to rescue Noah because he obeyed Him and became what God wanted him to be, without ever relinquishing his own convictions and personal identity. The idea of favoritism in Roman literature is extremely popular. Never was this more than apparent than in The Aeneid of Virgil.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

motivation :: essays research papers

There atomic number 18 several Organizational Behaviors that can be attributed towards how successful a company or one in a company will be. I have decided that the two most important elements are the motivational behaviors and the tenor factors. The reason I have chose these are that somebody that is motivated and can deal with stress in positive ways will be a success. Also when a corporation can motivate its employees and helps them deal with stress they are usually successful as well.Stress is a genuinely serious problem, and can be affiliated with many fatal conditions. Stress can also be put into positive use by the go down individuals. Eustress is stress at normal healthy levels and will be prevalent in motivated individuals. In emergencies eustress can be used to enhanced rivet and give a burst of energy. Eustress also has other positive effects such as cardiovascular efficiency and increased arousal.In the Japanese urinateplace there is too much stress and is causing somewhat of an epidemic. Yearly about 30,000 workers die from a condition known as "karoshi, which is when they literally work themselves to death. Although in America the stress levels havent become an epidemic some surveys show that about 75% of American workers consider their jobs stressful. There are several factors that contribute to these high stress levels. At the moment the way the world is becoming globalized and how America is in an economic recession that is causing curtailment are considered the two biggest stressors. The downsizing is non only because of the recession but a common trend in business is to hire less therefore adequate number of workers then working them to their full potential or even beyond their full potential. Another problem that causes a lot of stress is known as a square peg in a round hole. This is when an individual is in a position that does not dress their personality. An example of this is someone such as an extrovert working a position that is better suited for an introvert. Sometimes one personality may not fit what they are doing at work and will be more successful in a different position. This is something many managers ignore so if someone wants to change their job they have to do it themselves.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Truman Football Team :: essays research papers

Leaders Teach Youth on the Football Field     The Truman State football team, containing a warm group of leaders, including 12 senior starters, and upstart talent, a freshman quarterback and two other underclassmen starters, relied on senior leadership.      To begin the chasten, 12 of the Bulldogs starting 17 players were seniors. However, this team was comprised of 97 members, so on that point was a definite influence of youth. Therefore, stroller Ware depended on the leadership of his seniors to impact his team     "I believe in senior leadership," stated Coach Ware. "I have to rely on it. It is needed two on and off the field in order to improve the football team."      These seniors had experienced some(prenominal) the trials and victories of previous football seasons. Therefore, Coach Ware, along with the rest of his staff and team relied on these players to step up and take the leadership positions. His seniors proved their leadership both on and off the field through their words, efforts, and examples.      One of the most vital mentoring tasks for the season may have been the sophomore quarterback, Eric Howe. Howe only started one game during the 1998 season so, beginning the 1999 season, he was fairly inexperienced as a starter on the college level. Even though he was inexperienced, Coach Ware was pleased with the improvements Howe had made. "He had to learn a new offense, and the offense takes a while to learn," admitted Coach Ware. "Early in the season he struggled some with the offense, but I could give away his potential as a quarterback."     Another factor that faced the Truman State football team was their tough non-conference schedule. Coach Ware believes in playing solid competition outside the conference in order to improve his football team. So, Truman headed to Illinois to play Ill inois State. Illinois State (ISU) is a Division I-AA school and was ranked among the top one-third in the nation in football. The task of playing ISU was a tough one, but it hopefully made the Bulldogs stronger for their conference season.

Critical Analysis of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge Ess

Critical Analysis of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge spearheaded a philosophical writing movement in England in the late 18th and early nineteenth century. Although Wordsworth and S.T. Coleridge are often considered the fathers of the English Romantic movement, their collective theologies and philosophies were often criticized but rarely taken serious by the pair of writers due to their illustrious prestige as poets. The combined effort in the Lyrical Ballads catapulted their names into the mainstream of writers in 1798 and with this work they solidified their place in English literature. Although, most people sell to note that the majority of Coleridges and Wordsworths work was him simply bending and breaking particular rules of poetry that were in place during his time and in order to fully see to it his work, one must fully understand his views of poetry itself.Wordsworth was often arrogant in response to negative cri ticism, in this case, there was his response to Sara Hutchinsons comments on his work, the Leechgatherer I am exceedingly sorry that the latter part of the Leechgatherer has displeased you, the more so because I cannot take to myself (that being the case) much pleasure or merriment in having pleased you in the former part (Hanley). This particular scolding by Wordsworth clearly shows how important it was to him that the criticism only came from someone whom he greatly respected. Her letter to Wordsworth has since been lost but in my estimation, Hutchinson?s comments could not have been all that degrading, just merely perpendicular to what Wordsworth thought of his own work.There were both particular events that helped to give William a newfound sense of direction in his work and career. In January of 1795, a close friend of William died and in his will, he grant Wordsworth a legacy of 900 pounds this money helped him to devote more time to his poetry. That same August, he met S.T . Coleridge and they quickly became close friends. In July of 1797, Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy moved to Alfoxden House, which was only a few miles from Coleridges home in Nether Stowey. Speaking of Coleridge, himself and Dorothy, Wordsworth said, we were three persons with one soul (Hanley). Each day, Wordsworth and Coleridge would work on their poetry, discuss their ideas o... ...dly had a profound resolution on poetry during their celebrated writing careers. They took a new direction to poetry, which in short, brought it to the mainstream. In this regard, they opened the door to poetry for many people who had neer been exposed to it. The Romantic ?Revolution? sparked numerous writings and forever changed the way poetry was written. In essence, what Wordsworth and Coleridge did was make poetry more about himself or herself instead than the epic style of Dante or Homer. They wrote about what they knew best, their own personal experiences.Works CitedBennett, Andrew. ?Words worth Writing. (Critical Essay).? Wordsworth Circle, Winter 2003 v34 i1 p3 (6). April 15, 2004 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. November 4, 1995. University of Oregon. April 17, 2004 Fulford, Tim. ?Apocalyptic economics and prophetic politics radical and romanticist responses to Malthius and Burke.? Studies of Romanticism, Fall 2001 v40 i3 p345(25). April 15, 2004 Hanley, Keith. ??Things of which I need not speak? between the domestic and the public in Wordsworth?s poetry.? Wordsworth Circle, Winter 2003 v34 i1 p39(5). April 16, 2004

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

How Does The Writer Create Atmosphere In The Novel The Woman In Black E

How Does The Writer Create Atmosphere In The Novel The Woman In Black and the Short Story The Signalman?The Woman In Black and The Signalman are both of the same genrehorror/ghost stories. This genre is ideal to induce a distinct airwave for the endorser to be drawn into. The atmosphere the motivecreates for the reader is done so by mainly 2 things. Firstly, thecharacters, descriptions of eerie presence, disbelief of thecharacter or narrator and their uncertainty or confusion of conflict.Secondly, the setting, the type of setting chosen is very importantand the way in which the author describes it also.When we pick up either of these stories we come to expect certainfeatures from this genre. Both ghost stories have a derelict andisolated setting, very common in a ghost story. Also, many points areset in dark and enclosed spaces, where there is an inability to seeclearly. Descriptions are used a lot, particularly descriptions ofdarkness, strangeness and coldness. In both stories, there is asupernatural presence that is for the most part unexplained, but issomething the narrator can both see and hear. on that point may be a sense ofevil, or the manifestation us one of unrest. It is up to the reader towork out the story surrounding the supernatural presence-sometimes at thesame time as the narrator if things are withheld from us. Anatmosphere of unrest, either from the supernatural presence, or thediscomfort from main characters, the narrator and even the reader iscreated. The setting creates an atmosphere of isolation and coldness.The furiousness on darkness and enclosure creates an atmosphere of unrestand confusion for the reader as well as the narrator. The atmosphereof ghostlin... ...k and the short story The Signalman, aswell as both being of the same genre, they also have othersimilarities. They both include a ghostwriter within the story and this iswhat the stories are based around. The Signalman introduces not onlyghostliness but also death and m ourning, this is similar to The WomanIn Black when the tike dies and Arthur Kipps hears horrifying cries.They both have terrible reactions when a death is involved. TheSignalman feels he is in some way drawn into the main event, as doesArthur Kipps in the novel. The Signalman has to visit a death,which is torturous to him, but he cannot stop it, as does Arthur inThe Woman In Black.As for the atmosphere in both these stories, the emphasis on thedescriptions of darkness, of the setting and of the charactersemotions and this helps the reader to feel what is going on.

How Does The Writer Create Atmosphere In The Novel The Woman In Black E

How Does The Writer Create Atmosphere In The Novel The Woman In Black and the Short Story The Signalman?The Woman In Black and The Signalman are both of the same genrehorror/ghost stories. This genre is ideal to create a distinctatmosphere for the reader to be drawn into. The atmosphere the authorcreates for the reader is done so by mainly 2 things. Firstly, thecharacters, descriptions of supernatural presence, disbelief of thecharacter or bank clerk and their incredulity or confusion of conflict.Secondly, the square offting, the type of setting chosen is very importantand the way in which the author describes it also.When we pick up either of these stories we come to enquire certainfeatures from this genre. Both ghost stories have a derelict andisolated setting, very common in a ghost story. Also, many points areset in dark and enclosed spaces, where there is an inability to seeclearly. Descriptions are used a lot, especially descriptions ofdarkness, strangeness and coldness. In both stories, there is asupernatural presence that is for the most part unexplained, but issomething the narrator can both see and hear. There may be a sense ofevil, or the manifestation us one of unrest. It is up to the reader towork out the story surrounding the unnatural presence-sometimes at thesame time as the narrator if things are withheld from us. Anatmosphere of unrest, either from the supernatural presence, or thediscomfort from main characters, the narrator and even the reader iscreated. The setting creates an atmosphere of isolation and coldness.The emphasis on darkness and enclosure creates an atmosphere of unrestand confusion for the reader as well as the narrator. The atmosphereof ghostlin... ...k and the short story The Signalman, aswell as both being of the same genre, they also have othersimilarities. They both include a spectre within the story and this iswhat the stories are based around. The Signalman introduces non onlyghostliness but also death and mourning , this is similar to The WomanIn Black when the child dies and Arthur Kipps hears horrifying cries.They both have terrible reactions when a death is involved. TheSignalman feels he is in some way drawn into the main event, as doesArthur Kipps in the novel. The Signalman has to experience a death,which is torturous to him, but he cannot bankrupt it, as does Arthur inThe Woman In Black.As for the atmosphere in both these stories, the emphasis on thedescriptions of darkness, of the setting and of the charactersemotions and this helps the reader to feel what is going away on.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Romeo and Juliet: Impulses and Restraints

Romeo and Juliets impulses and self-control used in Romeo and Juliet. In the play of Romeo and Juliet, many characters show how they cannot handle the pressure that they are approach with which leads to impulse and action which is taken without thinking it through. Many of the characters show a lack of self-control and exaggerations which leads to broken- messages and many unfortunate situations which result in deaths and miscommunications. Over the fertilise of Romeos love life, he tends to act on an impulse whenever he sees a girl that he wish soundlys based on her looks.Romeo can go from depressed and miserable because a girl does not love him back, to very happy because he meets another girl that he instantly likes. Before Romeo enters the Capulets party, he spills his heart out and tells Benvolio all somewhat how hes feeling about Rosaline because he is very heart-broken that she doesnt love him back. Romeo himself has never spoken to Rosaline and has based his love on her looks. What doth her beauty table service but as a note/ where I may read who passed that passing fair? / Farewell.Thou canst not teach me to forget. (Act 1, Scene 1, 228-230) Romeo keeps verbalise that he will never forget someone like Rosaline and that she is the one and only that he could ever be with. But then he sees Juliet and forgets all about Rosaline. Romeo compares Juliet to a jewel that is hanging off an Ethiops ear meaning that it stands out. He says that she is the most beautiful girl in the world and that she outshines all the other women like a white dove in the middle of a flock of crows. Oh, she doth teach the torches to burn brightIt seems she hangs upon the cheek of night As a naughty jewel in an Ethiopes ear-, Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows, (act 1, scene 5, 43-47) Juliet acts on a rash impulse and decision when she sees Romeo at Capulets party and she instantly falls in love with him but when she is on the balcony, she shows a unretentive bit of restraint in deciding to marry him. When Romeo finally approaches Juliet at the party, they talk for a bit then share a kiss in two ways with each other.Once the two parts their ways, Juliet knows she has fallen in love with Romeo right away and she is already making haste decisions on a alliance with Romeo. But when Juliet is on the balcony, she is very upset because she had found out from the nurse that Romeo is a Montague and since she is a Capulet, they cannot be together. Deny thy father and refuse thy name. / Or, if thou weaken not, be but sworn my love, /And Ill no longer be a Capulet (Act 2, Scene 2, 34-36) Juliet just wishes for Romeo to swear that he loves her because then she will bankrupt being a Capulet.Once Romeo comes out of the bushes from hiding, both Romeo and Juliet begin to talk about making plans to get married even though they just met. They would do the wedding in secret without anyone knowing. Thy purpose marr iage, send me word tomorrow By one that Ill procure to come to thee Where and what time thou wilting perform the rite, And all my fortunes at thy foot Ill lay And follow thee my lord throughout the world. (Act 2, Scene 2, 144-148) Juliet would want Romeo to send her a message saying where they would get married if Romeos intentions were actually true.She said to Romeo how she would lay all her fortunes at his feet and follow him all around the world. But before Juliet agrees to get married to Romeo, she demonstrates some restraint at first asking Romeo if them getting married isnt too fast. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden, / Too like the lightning, wh-ich doth give the sack to be / Ere one can say It lightens. Sweet, good night. (Act 2, Scene 2, 118-120) Juliet referred to their decision as being too rash and fast as lightning because they havent done much thinking through with their decision and theyre making an impulsive conclusion to get married.Romeo acts on a reckl ess and foolish reception towards Tybalt when he witnesses him kill his best friend Mercutio. Mercutio and Tybalt get into a brawl because Romeo was supposed to fight Tybalt but instead, Mercutio does it for him, so when Romeo steps in between the two, Tybalt thrusts Mercutio with the mark under Romeos arm killing him. Romeo gets very mad and immediately acts on his quick and careless emotions and impulsively goes at Tybalt to kill him. And fire-eyd fury be my conduct now (act 3, scene 1, 120) Romeo said this when he went after Tybalt which meant that Romeo didnt care from now on what happened because he just wanted to hurt Tybalt for killing Mercutio as revenge. After Romeo finally got to Tybalt he stabbed him and killed him which led to him getting banished by the Prince. This causes a conflict because he is not allowed to be in Verona anymore which means that he wouldnt be able to see Juliet anymore.Romeos impulsive reaction has not only acted against him now, but for Juliet as well because they just got married and they wont be able to see each other from now on. Throughout the play, not only did Romeo and Juliet show acts of impulse and restraint, but other characters like Mercutio did as well which attributed to how others reacted as well. This resulted in broken-hearts and fatal events which affected everyone. The characters lack of self-control without thinking resulted in difficulties throughout the play which led to many problems that had to be later set about with.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

“My Place” by Sally Morgan Essay

The longest journey of a person is the journey inward, Dag Hammerskjvld. An inner journey is a efficacious voyage of the mind, soul and spirit that impacts on all aspects of a persons life. Inner journeys provide personal, spiritual and intellectual gain and development. Experiences that allow personal development and growth will change the way that some aspects of life is viewed. Daisy and Gladys embark upon inner explorations about acceptance of their aboriginality, their spiritual identity as aborigines and their ego esteem/ egotism worth.Gladys faced many challenges and obstacles in her life. At Parkerville childrens home Gladys resented the colour of her strip. I wanted to be duster I even hoped a lily- discolour family would adopt me Gladys fear of authority and her aboriginality stemmed from her mother Daisy. Upon confessing her nationality, an old lady exclaimed Oh you poor thingWhat on earth are you going to do? mommy told me I must never tell anyone what I was, th at was when I started wishing I was someone different mum made me sincerely frightened, I was really scared of authority. This use of verbatim gives a subjective viewpoint of a character.It gives its take in individuality, speed and rhythm to Gladys story. Throughout the book Gladys moves from denial to a static acceptance of her aboriginality to pride. I feel embarrassed now to think that once I wanted to be whiteIve changed since those days The natural dialect used by Gladys gives her story individuality and through the use of everyday language positions the wider audience to respond to the story. Her changing viewpoint about her preferred skin colour signifies personal growth and development as she is now accepting herself holistically rather then in fragments.Daisys life has been scarred with physical and versed exploitations and hardships. Im shamed of myself, now. I feel shamed for some of the things I done. I wanted to be white you seewhat was wrong with my own people? T he emotive use of verbatim with words such as shamed create an individual speech pattern for Daisys story and adds veracity. The equality between what she feels now and what she felt previously show inner growth and self exploration. Saying that she wanted to be white and now acknowledges and appreciates the fact that she is total darkness is a bigpositive and progressive step for Daisy. he told us we must save ourselves for marriage.Most of us had already been taken by white men. We felt really shamed There I was stuck in the middle. Too black for the whites and too white for the blacks. Daisy held little control over her life she was constantly downtrodden and made to feel like a second class citizen or half human. Sal the fights gone out o me. I got no strength left wingBlackfellas got to show the white man what they made of. I like to think the black man will get treated same as the white man one day Daisy lets go in the end because she finally accepts her aboriginality. The emotive language used positions the audience to respond with empathy.My place as hearty as the inner journeys of Daisy and Gladys has taught me many valuable lessons about journeys. I learnt that not all inner journeys result in wholeness and attainment. Though I as well learnt that even a small amount of personal growth and development can change and impact upon a person tremendously.Inner journeys involve self exploration in which individuals review their growth and development in the light of experiences which challenge and test them. Inner exploration can provide clarity, direction, increased self esteem and better insight into oneself, others and the surrounding world. Gladys and Daisy both experience inner journeys as they explore their aboriginality and themselves. The women both learn adapt and change as they subsist through numerous challenges and obstacles transforming into more wholesome people.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Animal testing

animate being(prenominal) interrogation living creature exam is the act of utilize non- homo animals in explore, cultivation projects or scientific experiments. Hundreds of millions of animals atomic number 18 being drop ond annually for scientific look into, proficient because some countries do not collect this data, the skillful number go out al shipway be un distinguishn. Many questions arise when talking closely(predicate) this Issue much(prenominal) as Are there any cures that see a bun in the oven resulted from animal interrogatory, atomic number 18 charitables superior to animals, and atomic number 18 there alternatives to this type of testing?Out of the legion(predicate) an former(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) medical comingments that wipe out resulted from animal testing, there argon ten that don me as truly eventful to the survival of mankind. The first is Penicillin. Penicillin was tried on mice in the asses. By 1941, Penicillin was being utilise to address decease sol lastrs. This research last win the Nobel Prize in 1945. The second Is slant transfusion. Blood transfusions experience rescue the lives of countless people and animals. The technique was developed when citrated blood was shown to be rock-steady for transfusion in dogs in 1914.The third achievement was the first medicine for tuberculosis. about 100 social classs ago, tuberculosis was one of the well-nigh common causes of d runh. Nobel Prize-winning research on Guiana pigs in the asses take to the antibiotic streptomycin. The fourth was the Meningitis vaccine. These vaccines were developed In mice and have resulted in a broad fall In the unsoundness. Previously many victims died or had amputations or organ damage. The fifth achievement Is the kidney transplant. Of the 5,000 people who develop kidney mishap every(prenominal) year in the UK, one in three would die without a kidney transplant.Transplantation techniques were developed using do gs and pigs. The sixth is breast stubcer. Breast pubic louse is the commonest solelyt endcer among women. Animal studies led to the development of attainment, one of the well-nigh successful treatments, and to a greater extent recently Hermetic and aromas Inhibitors. The s even upth achievement Is the asthma Inhaler. Asthma Is the commonest serious puerility Illness and soul causes about 2,000 deaths a year In the ASK. Animal research was vital for the medicines in the inhalers seen in many schools today. The eighth is the polio vaccine.This advance alone has saved millions of lives. Forty years of research using monkeys and mice led to the introduction of the vaccine in the 1 sass. The ninth Is insulin for diabetes. Just another grievous achievement that saved millions of lives and won the Nobel Prize In 1923. The tenth and last(a) achievement argon Implants for Parkinson Disease. Research was carried out on experimental animals much(prenominal) as primates, which led to an electrical implant of Parkinson Disease. (Contribution). thither ar many alternatives to the use of animals in scientific experiments. virtually of them are in vitro test methods and models based on human stall and tissue cultures, data processorized patient-drug databases and virtual drug trails, computer models and simulations, stem cell and genetic testing methods, non-invasive Imaging techniques such as Mrs. and CT Scans, and Mollycoddling (In on the cellular level, without affecting the whole body governing body). Also the scientists and engineers at Harvards Ways set have created organs-on-a-chip, including the lung-on-a-chip and gut-on-a-chip. These tiny devices contain human cells in a 3- dimensional system that mimics human organs.The chips can be used quite of animalsin disease research, drug testing, and toxicity testing. Some benefits of non- animal testing are that alternative scientific tests are often more reliable than animal tests, the use of human tissue in toxicity testing is more accurate than the animal models, Non-animal tests are more appeal-effective, practical, and expedient, and viciousty free returns are more surroundally friendly. Alternatives) There are specific pros and cons on animal testing that I shew very interesting.Some pros are that it benefactors researchers to fall out drugs and treatments, improves human health, swear outs insure recourse on drugs, and replace methods of testing do not simulate humans in the same way. Some cons are that animals are killed or kept in captivity, some substances tested , whitethorn neer be used for anything useful, it is very expensive, and animals and humans are never exactly the same. (Marijuana). There are numerous myths meet animal testing, and the dispossessed result is that people may form opinions based on uneducated circumstances. It is important to address some of the most common myths in hopes that people can make more informed decisions regarding animal testin g. Some of these myths are that the use of animals is superfluous because animals are different from people, laboratory animals experience hideous di tense and suffering, spatial relation effects and distress experienced by animals are undetectable, which makes animal testing unreliable, researchers are tot concerned about animals or are indifferent to their care, the founding of alternative methods means that animals are unnecessary for testing, and the majority of animal testing is conducted for cosmetics development. Marijuana) Theses myths had me thinking. I wonder if people do not rightfully grapple the facts about animal testing. It seems that most people are listening to these myths rather than listen to an expert. likely information is key to picking a incline for a debated topic. I think I am going to argue that animal testing has two negative and positive effects.Animal examIs Animal Testing equipment casualty? Would you want to put your best four legged friend done wring to find out if something, such as lipstick, would okay for humans? I know, for sure, I would never want to put any animal through these unworthy experiments. most people think that animal testing is something we have to do in graze to protect ourselves from new products. Which is not true, we would survive perfectly delicately with the millions of products we have now. These beloved animals dont deserve to put through such torture. Animal testing is costing many animals their lives and is costing many of us millions of dollars.More than 100 million animals, ranging from mice to monkeys, are suffering and dying in cruel chemical, drug, food and cosmetic tests, biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experiments (Animals Used for experiment, n. d. ). All these animals can do is sit and wait for the pain, caused by the ugly procedures, to come their way. While the animals who were already tested on, are wishing the pain would just go a way. Majority of the helpless creatures die because they lose minds caused by stress or fear.Many of the other animals die with no purpose of their life, because many of the substances will never see approval for consumption of humans. Also many animals have to be put down because they become so nervous that they start to become pugnacious and then they have no use. Animals Used for Experimentation (n. d. ) states that in order to test cosmetics, household cleaning items, and other consumer products, hundreds of thousands of animals are poisoned, blinded, and killed every year by cruel corporations. This is only the major disagreement with the torture done to animals. unmatchable huge way the animals are tortured is that most of the experiment animals are breed and raised(a) just to be sent to laboratories. In fact a visual sense of these animals are bought really young to help reduce the stress of being in the cages in the labs. Therefore most of these animals have never got to know what shop at feels or smells like. Most of the dogs have never played fetch with an owner. Most gravid cats that are in animal shelters are bought by companies that test on animals. Therefore the kittens can be tested on by baby products or kept until they are a couple years old. Animal Testing Facts (n. . ) claims that every hour 2,000 cats and 3,500 dogs are born in labs all over the nation. Most importantly, none of these neglected animals have ever and will never know what it is like to be loved by a human or know what it is like to be rewarded by a human with a treat or a belly rag. The only things these animals think, about when a human comes by or to their cage, are that they have to duck down and hope they wield walking. They feel that when a human touches them, that means the pain is coming. Isnt that the complete confrontation purpose that these wonderful creatures are living with us?We are sibyllic to be the protector of the animals who cant speak or defend the mselves. We are cipherd to be their best friends. Some of the experiments done on the animals are unbelievable Mice and rats are forced to inhale toxic fumes, dogs are force-fed pesticides, and rabbits have vitriolic chemicals rubbed onto their skin and eyes (Animals used for Experimentation, n. d. ). Many animals become so freaked out that they start to kill each other. They also will attack themselves, such as pulling out their own hair or feathers, eating their own skin, or starving themselves to death.Some major companies that test on animals are Gillette, they rub their products into rabbits eyes and then sit back and wait to see if they public violence because the product is burning their eyes Nair, they rub their products on the fur of many dogs and other furry animals and Tide and Windex, also force feed and cover animals in their products. Those are just a few of the thousands of companies that test on animals. Many of the results found are unreliable because the animal could have easily died from one of the reasons I have already talked about.The results could also be unreliable because human bodies and animal bodies can have a different reaction or one may not even have a reaction at all to a certain product. One major disturbing thing about the reactions of animals I that most rabbits and other animals will get huge holes in their sides because a product will eat away at their skin and organs. Many other sad reactions that happen to the animals are that they could get seizures, and some forget what they are suppose to do such as drink water or eat their food.Even if animals have a bad reaction to certain products, some of these products will lock up go to market and be sold to the people. More than 100,000 people have been hospitalized and later died from toxic reactions to medications in 1994 that were not predicted by animal tests (Animal Testing Facts, n. d. ). Most of families get tired of paying for expenses for their family pet or pets. Could you cerebrate having to pay for the food, housing, or care for the millions of animals? Or just paying for price of millions of animals? This is a lot of money that is wasted animals are far from being cheap.Price is another major setback of animal testing. The price for the experiment animals, alone, has caused a lot of the linked States financial debt. According to Animals Used in Experimentations (n. d. ) the Environmental Protection Agency, the victuals and Drug Administration, the National Toxicology Program, and the Department of Agriculture are a couple of political science agencies that subject animals to many painful and cruel experiments. Another interesting fact is that a big percent of the money that is wasted on animal testing comes from United State taxpayers.It is estimated that around $12 billion, of taxpayers money, is put toward animal testing. One way to help with the cost is to test animals are small animals only, not animals that cost or ones that requi re more care. There are many ways to help get rid of animal testing. The most effective thing to do is to stop buying the products that are from companies, who test on animals. This way they wont be making any money on their products and therefore they wont have the money to spend on more animals or the care for the hundreds of animals they already have.The main argue of why we ingest to have animal testing is that it helps researchers improve health issues and find new medicines. This is a grave point but what is pointless about it is that a lot of the medicines are to the highest degree the same medicines that we have right now. Which would prove that we could live perfectly first-rate without different and/or new medicines. Another point that people, who are for animal testing, have is that they say it protects people from testing on other people, because these tests could hurt or kill the person who is being tested on.This point is somewhat true but it does not help stop the people who are abused every day or the ones who are murdered. The last main argue for why we need animal testing is that it ensures the safety of the new products. The statement is barely even true, because most of the products that pass the animals could have a completely different reaction to a human. Like I said before, that animals are in an unfamiliar environment and they are so stressed that their bodies might not even have a reaction to a deadly substance.I hope that neighboring time you put on some make up or take some pills to help get rid of a little headache, you will think about the hundreds loving animals that had to suffer for months or the animals that were killed, in order for you to have these small luxuries. The next time you pay taxes I hope you ask yourself if you money goes to help researchers torture millions of animals. When you think about all of the money we waste and all of the lives we slew away from animals, you will agree with me that we need to find a get around way to test new products.Or we could hope that the scientists will be able to find a more humane way to test them on animals. References Animals used for experimentation. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 9, 2012, from http//www. peta. org/? issues/? animals-used-for-experimentation/? default2. aspx Animal testing facts. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 30, 2012, from http//www. animaltestingfacts. zoomshare. com/ Dixon, T. (2009, April 7). Animal experimentation. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http//www. idebate. org/? debatabase/? topic_details. hp? topicID=7 Gerty. (2010, celestial latitude 11). The pros and cons. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http//levmm1. wordpress. com/? 2010/? 12/? 11/? the-pros-and-cons/ Murnaghan, I. (2011, July 1). Using animals for testing pros versus cons. Retrieved March 27, 2012, from http//www. aboutanimaltesting. co. uk/? using-animals-testing-pros-versus-cons. html Shandilya, R. (2011, December 16). Animal testing pros. Retrieved March 30, 2012, fro m http//www. buzzle. com/? articles/? animal-testing-pros. htmlAnimal testingAnimal Testing Animal testing is the act of using non-human animals in research, development projects or scientific experiments. Hundreds of millions of animals are being used annually for scientific research, but because some countries do not collect this data, the precise number will always be unknown. Many questions arise when talking about this Issue such as Are there any cures that have resulted from animal testing, are humans superior to animals, and are there alternatives to this type of testing?Out of the many medical advancements that have resulted from animal testing, there are ten that strike me as very important to the survival of mankind. The first is Penicillin. Penicillin was tested on mice in the asses. By 1941, Penicillin was being used to treat dying soldiers. This research eventually won the Nobel Prize in 1945. The second Is blood transfusion. Blood transfusions have saved the lives of c ountless people and animals. The technique was developed when citrated blood was shown to be safe for transfusion in dogs in 1914.The third achievement was the first medicine for tuberculosis. About 100 years ago, tuberculosis was one of the most common causes of death. Nobel Prize-winning research on Guiana pigs in the asses led to the antibiotic streptomycin. The fourth was the Meningitis vaccine. These vaccines were developed In mice and have resulted in a huge fall In the disease. Previously many victims died or had amputations or organ damage. The fifth achievement Is the kidney transplant. Of the 5,000 people who develop kidney failure every year in the UK, one in three would die without a kidney transplant.Transplantation techniques were developed using dogs and pigs. The sixth is breast cancer. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women. Animal studies led to the development of attainment, one of the most successful treatments, and more recently Hermetic and aromas In hibitors. The seventh achievement Is the asthma Inhaler. Asthma Is the commonest serious childhood Illness and soul causes about 2,000 deaths a year In the ASK. Animal research was vital for the medicines in the inhalers seen in many schools today. The eighth is the polio vaccine.This advance alone has saved millions of lives. Forty years of research using monkeys and mice led to the introduction of the vaccine in the 1 sass. The ninth Is insulin for diabetes. Just another important achievement that saved millions of lives and won the Nobel Prize In 1923. The tenth and final achievement are Implants for Parkinson Disease. Research was carried out on experimental animals such as primates, which led to an electrical implant of Parkinson Disease. (Contribution). There are many alternatives to the use of animals in scientific experiments.Some of them are in vitro test methods and models based on human cell and tissue cultures, computerized patient-drug databases and virtual drug trails, computer models and simulations, stem cell and genetic testing methods, non-invasive Imaging techniques such as Mrs. and CT Scans, and Mollycoddling (In on the cellular level, without affecting the whole body system). Also the scientists and engineers at Harvards Ways Institute have created organs-on-a-chip, including the lung-on-a-chip and gut-on-a-chip. These tiny devices contain human cells in a 3- dimensional system that mimics human organs.The chips can be usedinstead of animalsin disease research, drug testing, and toxicity testing. Some benefits of non- animal testing are that alternative scientific tests are often more reliable than animal tests, the use of human tissue in toxicity testing is more accurate than the animal models, Non-animal tests are more cost-effective, practical, and expedient, and cruelty free products are more environmentally friendly. Alternatives) There are specific pros and cons on animal testing that I found very interesting.Some pros are that it h elps researchers to find drugs and treatments, improves human health, helps insure safety on drugs, and alternate methods of testing do not simulate humans in the same way. Some cons are that animals are killed or kept in captivity, some substances tested , may never be used for anything useful, it is very expensive, and animals and humans are never exactly the same. (Marijuana). There are numerous myths surrounding animal testing, and the unfortunate result is that people may form opinions based on uneducated facts. It is important to address some of the most common myths in hopes that people can make more informed decisions regarding animal testing. Some of these myths are that the use of animals is pointless because animals are different from people, laboratory animals experience horrific distress and suffering, side effects and distress experienced by animals are undetectable, which makes animal testing unreliable, researchers are tot concerned about animals or are indifferent t o their care, the existence of alternative methods means that animals are unnecessary for testing, and the majority of animal testing is conducted for cosmetics development. Marijuana) Theses myths had me thinking. I wonder if people do not truly know the facts about animal testing. It seems that most people are listening to these myths rather than listen to an expert. Credible information is key to picking a side for a debated topic. I think I am going to argue that animal testing has both negative and positive effects.Animal testingAnimal Testing Animal testing is the act of using non-human animals in research, development projects or scientific experiments. Hundreds of millions of animals are being used annually for scientific research, but because some countries do not collect this data, the precise number will always be unknown. Many questions arise when talking about this Issue such as Are there any cures that have resulted from animal testing, are humans superior to animals, and are there alternatives to this type of testing?Out of the many medical advancements that have resulted from animal testing, there are ten that strike me as very important to the survival of mankind. The first is Penicillin. Penicillin was tested on mice in the asses. By 1941, Penicillin was being used to treat dying soldiers. This research eventually won the Nobel Prize in 1945. The second Is blood transfusion. Blood transfusions have saved the lives of countless people and animals. The technique was developed when citrated blood was shown to be safe for transfusion in dogs in 1914.The third achievement was the first medicine for tuberculosis. About 100 years ago, tuberculosis was one of the most common causes of death. Nobel Prize-winning research on Guiana pigs in the asses led to the antibiotic streptomycin. The fourth was the Meningitis vaccine. These vaccines were developed In mice and have resulted in a huge fall In the disease. Previously many victims died or had amputati ons or organ damage. The fifth achievement Is the kidney transplant. Of the 5,000 people who develop kidney failure every year in the UK, one in three would die without a kidney transplant.Transplantation techniques were developed using dogs and pigs. The sixth is breast cancer. Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among women. Animal studies led to the development of attainment, one of the most successful treatments, and more recently Hermetic and aromas Inhibitors. The seventh achievement Is the asthma Inhaler. Asthma Is the commonest serious childhood Illness and soul causes about 2,000 deaths a year In the ASK. Animal research was vital for the medicines in the inhalers seen in many schools today. The eighth is the polio vaccine.This advance alone has saved millions of lives. Forty years of research using monkeys and mice led to the introduction of the vaccine in the 1 sass. The ninth Is insulin for diabetes. Just another important achievement that saved millions of lives and w on the Nobel Prize In 1923. The tenth and final achievement are Implants for Parkinson Disease. Research was carried out on experimental animals such as primates, which led to an electrical implant of Parkinson Disease. (Contribution). There are many alternatives to the use of animals in scientific experiments.Some of them are in vitro test methods and models based on human cell and tissue cultures, computerized patient-drug databases and virtual drug trails, computer models and simulations, stem cell and genetic testing methods, non-invasive Imaging techniques such as Mrs. and CT Scans, and Mollycoddling (In on the cellular level, without affecting the whole body system). Also the scientists and engineers at Harvards Ways Institute have created organs-on-a-chip, including the lung-on-a-chip and gut-on-a-chip. These tiny devices contain human cells in a 3- dimensional system that mimics human organs.The chips can be usedinstead of animalsin disease research, drug testing, and toxic ity testing. Some benefits of non- animal testing are that alternative scientific tests are often more reliable than animal tests, the use of human tissue in toxicity testing is more accurate than the animal models, Non-animal tests are more cost-effective, practical, and expedient, and cruelty free products are more environmentally friendly. Alternatives) There are specific pros and cons on animal testing that I found very interesting.Some pros are that it helps researchers to find drugs and treatments, improves human health, helps insure safety on drugs, and alternate methods of testing do not simulate humans in the same way. Some cons are that animals are killed or kept in captivity, some substances tested , may never be used for anything useful, it is very expensive, and animals and humans are never exactly the same. (Marijuana). There are numerous myths surrounding animal testing, and the unfortunate result is that people may form opinions based on uneducated facts. It is impor tant to address some of the most common myths in hopes that people can make more informed decisions regarding animal testing. Some of these myths are that the use of animals is pointless because animals are different from people, laboratory animals experience horrific distress and suffering, side effects and distress experienced by animals are undetectable, which makes animal testing unreliable, researchers are tot concerned about animals or are indifferent to their care, the existence of alternative methods means that animals are unnecessary for testing, and the majority of animal testing is conducted for cosmetics development. Marijuana) Theses myths had me thinking. I wonder if people do not truly know the facts about animal testing. It seems that most people are listening to these myths rather than listen to an expert. Credible information is key to picking a side for a debated topic. I think I am going to argue that animal testing has both negative and positive effects.Animal T estingIs Animal Testing Wrong? Would you want to put your best four legged friend through torture to find out if something, such as lipstick, would okay for humans? I know, for sure, I would never want to put any animal through these horrible experiments. Most people think that animal testing is something we have to do in order to protect ourselves from new products. Which is not true, we would survive perfectly fine with the millions of products we have now. These beloved animals dont deserve to put through such torture. Animal testing is costing many animals their lives and is costing many of us millions of dollars.More than 100 million animals, ranging from mice to monkeys, are suffering and dying in cruel chemical, drug, food and cosmetic tests, biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experiments (Animals Used for Experimentation, n. d. ). All these animals can do is sit and wait for the pain, caused by the horrible procedures, to come their way . While the animals who were already tested on, are wishing the pain would just go away. Majority of the helpless creatures die because they lose minds caused by stress or fear.Many of the other animals die with no purpose of their life, because many of the substances will never see approval for consumption of humans. Also many animals have to be put down because they become so nervous that they start to become aggressive and then they have no use. Animals Used for Experimentation (n. d. ) states that in order to test cosmetics, household cleaning items, and other consumer products, hundreds of thousands of animals are poisoned, blinded, and killed every year by cruel corporations. This is only the major disagreement with the torture done to animals.One huge way the animals are tortured is that most of the experiment animals are breed and raised just to be sent to laboratories. In fact a lot of these animals are bought really young to help reduce the stress of being in the cages in the labs. Therefore most of these animals have never got to know what grass feels or smells like. Most of the dogs have never played fetch with an owner. Most pregnant cats that are in animal shelters are bought by companies that test on animals. Therefore the kittens can be tested on by baby products or kept until they are a couple years old. Animal Testing Facts (n. . ) claims that every hour 2,000 cats and 3,500 dogs are born in labs all over the nation. Most importantly, none of these neglected animals have ever and will never know what it is like to be loved by a human or know what it is like to be rewarded by a human with a treat or a belly rub. The only things these animals think, about when a human comes by or to their cage, are that they have to duck down and hope they keep walking. They feel that when a human touches them, that means the pain is coming. Isnt that the complete opposite purpose that these wonderful creatures are living with us?We are supposed to be the prote ctor of the animals who cant speak or defend themselves. We are supposed to be their best friends. Some of the experiments done on the animals are unbelievable Mice and rats are forced to inhale toxic fumes, dogs are force-fed pesticides, and rabbits have corrosive chemicals rubbed onto their skin and eyes (Animals used for Experimentation, n. d. ). Many animals become so freaked out that they start to kill each other. They also will attack themselves, such as pulling out their own hair or feathers, eating their own skin, or starving themselves to death.Some major companies that test on animals are Gillette, they rub their products into rabbits eyes and then sit back and wait to see if they scream because the product is burning their eyes Nair, they rub their products on the fur of many dogs and other furry animals and Tide and Windex, also force feed and cover animals in their products. Those are just a few of the thousands of companies that test on animals. Many of the results fou nd are unreliable because the animal could have easily died from one of the reasons I have already talked about.The results could also be unreliable because human bodies and animal bodies can have a different reaction or one may not even have a reaction at all to a certain product. One major disturbing thing about the reactions of animals I that most rabbits and other animals will get huge holes in their sides because a product will eat away at their skin and organs. Many other sad reactions that happen to the animals are that they could get seizures, and some forget what they are suppose to do such as drink water or eat their food.Even if animals have a bad reaction to certain products, some of these products will still go to market and be sold to the people. More than 100,000 people have been hospitalized and later died from toxic reactions to medications in 1994 that were not predicted by animal tests (Animal Testing Facts, n. d. ). Most of families get tired of paying for expens es for their family pet or pets. Could you imagine having to pay for the food, housing, or care for the millions of animals? Or just paying for price of millions of animals? This is a lot of money that is wasted animals are far from being cheap.Price is another major setback of animal testing. The price for the experiment animals, alone, has caused a lot of the United States financial debt. According to Animals Used in Experimentations (n. d. ) the Environmental Protection Agency, the Food and Drug Administration, the National Toxicology Program, and the Department of Agriculture are a couple of government agencies that subject animals to many painful and cruel experiments. Another interesting fact is that a big percent of the money that is wasted on animal testing comes from United State taxpayers.It is estimated that around $12 billion, of taxpayers money, is put toward animal testing. One way to help with the cost is to test animals are small animals only, not animals that cost o r ones that require more care. There are many ways to help get rid of animal testing. The most effective thing to do is to stop buying the products that are from companies, who test on animals. This way they wont be making any money on their products and therefore they wont have the money to spend on more animals or the care for the hundreds of animals they already have.The main argue of why we need to have animal testing is that it helps researchers improve health issues and find new medicines. This is a good point but what is pointless about it is that a lot of the medicines are almost the same medicines that we have right now. Which would prove that we could live perfectly fine without different and/or new medicines. Another point that people, who are for animal testing, have is that they say it protects people from testing on other people, because these tests could hurt or kill the person who is being tested on.This point is somewhat true but it does not help stop the people who are abused every day or the ones who are murdered. The last main argue for why we need animal testing is that it ensures the safety of the new products. The statement is barely even true, because most of the products that pass the animals could have a completely different reaction to a human. Like I said before, that animals are in an unfamiliar environment and they are so stressed that their bodies might not even have a reaction to a deadly substance.I hope that next time you put on some make up or take some pills to help get rid of a little headache, you will think about the hundreds loving animals that had to suffer for months or the animals that were killed, in order for you to have these small luxuries. The next time you pay taxes I hope you ask yourself if you money goes to help researchers torture millions of animals. When you think about all of the money we waste and all of the lives we steal away from animals, you will agree with me that we need to find a better way to tes t new products.Or we could hope that the scientists will be able to find a more humane way to test them on animals. References Animals used for experimentation. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 9, 2012, from http//www. peta. org/? issues/? animals-used-for-experimentation/? default2. aspx Animal testing facts. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 30, 2012, from http//www. animaltestingfacts. zoomshare. com/ Dixon, T. (2009, April 7). Animal experimentation. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http//www. idebate. org/? debatabase/? topic_details. hp? topicID=7 Gerty. (2010, December 11). The pros and cons. Retrieved March 29, 2012, from http//levmm1. wordpress. com/? 2010/? 12/? 11/? the-pros-and-cons/ Murnaghan, I. (2011, July 1). Using animals for testing pros versus cons. Retrieved March 27, 2012, from http//www. aboutanimaltesting. co. uk/? using-animals-testing-pros-versus-cons. html Shandilya, R. (2011, December 16). Animal testing pros. Retrieved March 30, 2012, from http//www. buzzle. com/? article s/? animal-testing-pros. html

Friday, May 24, 2019

A Look At Muslim Empires

The Moslem community is known to have been under the influence of three major empires the Ottoman Empire, The Safavids and the Grandeur of the Mughals. Let us reappearance a close look at these three empires and try to identify in which aras are they the same and how they specifically support the Muslims understand of the world. First of is the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire also known in the West as the Turkish Empire, existed from 1299 to 1923. Osman I is regarded as the founder of the Ottoman Empire.He gave the name Ottoman to the Ottoman State and declared its independence, becoming the first Bey. He extended the frontiers of Ottoman settlement towards the Byzantine Empire, while different Turkish beyliks suffered from internal fighting. down the stairs Osman I, the Ottoman capital moved to Bursa. It was in this period that a formal Ottoman government was created its institutions would remain for nearly four centuries in front being reformed. In contrast to many conte mporary states, the Ottoman bureaucracy tried to avoid military rule, (see millet).Although the Empire was primarily a military state, its civics and frugality did not reflect a policy of aggression. The expansionist policies of the Ottoman Empire were not undertaken with the aim of destruction, but with the goal of Ottoman settlement in the area. The strategic conquest of Constantinople became a life-or-death objective for Ottoman rule to extend over the easterlyern Mediterranean and Balkans. In 1389, the Ottoman victory at the employment of Kosovo effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, and paved the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe.The Mughal Empire, on the other hand, was an empire that at its greatest territorial extent ruled most of the Indian subcontinent, then known as Hindustan, and parts of what is now Afghanistan and the Balochistan region. It was established in 1526, enjoyed expansion and consolidation until more or less 1707 and survived, ev en if in drastically attenuated form, until 1857. The empire was founded by the Timurid leader Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. Mughal is the Iranian word for Mongol.The Mughal rulers were adherents of Islam. The Mughal ruling class was Muslims, although most of the subjects of the Empire were Hindu. Although Babur founded the Empire, the dynasty remained unstable (and was even exiled) until the reign of Akbar, who was not only of liberal disposition but also intimately acquainted, since birth, with the mores and traditions of India. Under Akbars rule, the court abolished the jizya (the poll-tax on non-Muslims) and abandoned use of the lunar Muslim calendar in favor of a solar calendar more utilizable for agriculture. ace of Akbars most unusual ideas regarding religion was Din-i-Ilahi (Faith-of-God in English), which was an eclectic mix of Hinduism, versions of Sufi Islam, Zoroastrianism and Christianity. I t was proclaimed the state religion until his death. These actions however met with stiff opposition from the Muslim clergy. The Safavids were a native Iranian dynasty from Iranian Azarbaijan that ruled from 1501 to 1736, and which established Shia Islam as Irans official religion and united its provinces under a single Iranian sovereignty, thereby reigniting the Persian identity and acting as a bridge to modern Iran.Even though Safavids were not the first Shia rulers in Iran they were played most crucial role in making the Shia official religion in the whole of Iran. There were large Shia communities in some cities like Qom and Sabzevar as early as 8th century. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Buwayhids who were of Zeydi a branch of Shiism ruled in Fars, Isfahan and Baghdad. As a result of Mongol conquest, and relative religious tolerance of Ilhanids, Shia dynasties were re-established in Iran Sarbedaran in Khorasan being the most important.ShahOljeitu the sultan of Ilkhanate altered to Twelver Shiism in 13th century, however the population of Iran stayed largely Sunni until Safavid period. These three empires dominated the Middle East during early 16th to 17th century and all of them played a crucial role in establishing the religion for each of their occupied areas. The leaders of these empires are said to have been chosen by Divine intervention and claimed to have been sent by God or Allah to rule over the land.In addition, the harvesting of these three empires was interrupted with wars from one another or other empires in the region. In terms of influence on the rest of the world, the main mughal contribution to the southernmost Asia was their unique architecture. Many monuments were built during the mughal era including the Taj Mahal. Meantime, examples of Ottoman architecture of the classical period, aside from Istanbul and Edirne, can also be seen in Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, AOn the other hand, handicrafts such as tilemaking, pottery and textil es developed during the Safavid dynasty and great advances were made in miniature painting, bookbinding, decoration and calligraphy which still can be seen in current European art circles. As for promoting Muslim views, it must be said that the Ottoman Empire was, in a broad sense, tolerant towards its non-Muslim subjects it did not, for instance, forcibly convert all of them to Islam.The sultans took their primary duty to be service to the interests of the state, which could not survive without taxes and a strong administrative system. The states relationship with the Greek Jewish-Orthodox Church, for example, was largely peaceful, and the churchs grammatical construction was kept intact and largely left alone but under close control and scrutiny until the Greek War of Independence of 18211831 and, later in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the rise of the Ottoman constitutional monarchy, which was driven to some extent by nationalistic currents.Other churches, like the Bulgar ian Orthodox Church, were dissolved and placed under the jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Church. On the other hand, the empire often served as a refuge for the persecuted and exiled Jews of Europe for example, followers the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, Sultan Beyazid II welcomed them into Ottoman lands. Shia is the ruling religion during the Safavid dynasty and there was no written record of their support to the Muslim community.On the other hand, the Mughal ruling class were Muslims, although most of the subjects of the Empire were Hindu. Although Babur founded the Empire, the dynasty remained unstable (and was even exiled) until the reign of Akbar, who was not only of liberal disposition but also intimately acquainted, since birth, with the mores and traditions of India. Under Akbars rule, the court abolished the jizya (the poll-tax on non-Muslims) and abandoned use of the lunar Muslim calendar in favor of a solar calendar more useful for agriculture.One of Akbars most unusual ideas regarding religion was Din-i-Ilahi (Faith-of-God in English), which was an eclectic mix of Hinduism, versions of Sufi Islam, Zoroastrianism and Christianity. It was proclaimed the state religion until his death.SourcesWikipedia, 2006 Ottoman Empire Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire (cited on October 16, 2006) Wikipedia, 2006 The Safavids Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Safavids (cited on October 16, 2006) Wikipedia, 2006 The Grandeur of the Mughals Available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mughals (cited on October 16, 2006)