John G. Roberts, Supreme Court Chief Justice

John Glover Roberts, Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is the 17th chief justice of the United States, serving on and presiding over the United States Supreme Court. Roberts began his tenure on the court on September 29, 2005, after having been nominated by President George W. Bush and confirmed by the U.S. Senate following the death of former Chief Justice William Rehnquist. Based on his voting record and written decisions, Roberts is believed to have a conservative judicial philosophy. Fast Facts: John G. Roberts Known For: 17th chief justice of the United States Supreme CourtBorn: January 27, 1955 in Buffalo, New YorkParents: John Glover Roberts and Rosemary PodraskEducation: Harvard University (B.A., J.D.)Wife: Jane Sullivan (m. 1996)Children: Josephine Roberts, Jack RobertsNotable Quotation: â€Å"You cant fight for your rights if you dont know what they are.† Early Life John Glover Roberts, Jr., was born on January 27, 1955, in Buffalo, New York, to John Glover Roberts and Rosemary Podrasky. In 1973, Roberts graduated at the top of his high school class from La Lumiere School, a Catholic boarding school in LaPorte, Indiana. While a student, Roberts wrestled, served as captain of the football team, and was a member of the student council. After graduating from high school, Roberts attended Harvard University, earning his tuition by working in a steel mill during the summer. After receiving his bachelor’s degree summa cum laude in 1976, Roberts entered Harvard Law School and graduated magna cum laude in 1979. Legal Experience From 1980 to 1981, Roberts served as a law clerk to then-Associate Justice William H. Rehnquist on the United States Supreme Court. From 1981 to 1982, he served in the Reagan administration as a special assistant to U.S. Attorney General William French Smith. From 1982 to 1986, Roberts served as associate counsel to President Ronald Reagan. After a brief stint in private practice, Roberts returned to government to serve in the George H. W. Bush administration as deputy solicitor general from 1989 to 1992. He returned to private practice in 1992. D.C. Circuit Roberts was nominated to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit—also known as the D.C. Circuit—in 2001. Tensions between the Bush administration and the Democrat-controlled Senate, however, prevented Roberts from being confirmed until 2003. As a Circuit Court judge, Roberts ruled on a number of major cases, including Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, which concerned the legality of military tribunals. The court decided that such tribunals are legal because they are sanctioned by the United States Congress and because the Third Geneva Convention—which outlines protections for prisoners of war—does not apply to U.S. courts. Appointment to U.S. Supreme Court On July 19, 2005, President George W.  Bush nominated Roberts to fill the vacancy on the U.S. Supreme Court created by the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day OConnor.  Roberts was the first Supreme Court nominee since Stephen Breyer in 1994. Bush announced Roberts nomination in a live, nationwide television broadcast from the East Room of the White House. Following the September 3, 2005, death of William H. Rehnquist, Bush withdrew Roberts nomination as OConnors successor, and on September 6, sent the United States Senate notice of Roberts new nomination to the position of chief justice. Roberts was confirmed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 78-22 on September 29, 2005, and was sworn in hours later by Associate Justice John Paul Stevens. During his confirmation hearings, Roberts told the Senate Judiciary Committee that his philosophy of jurisprudence was not â€Å"comprehensive† and that he did â€Å"not think beginning with an all-encompassing approach to constitutional interpretation is the best way to faithfully construe the document.† Roberts compared the job of a judge to that of a baseball umpire. â€Å"Its my job to call balls and strikes, and not to pitch or bat,† he said. Roberts is the youngest chief justice of the Supreme Court since John Marshall served more than 200 years ago. He received more Senate votes supporting his nomination (78) than any other nominee for chief justice in American history. Major Decisions During his tenure on the Supreme Court, Roberts has handed down rulings on a number of major issues, from campaign finance to healthcare to free speech. Roberts concurred with the majority in the case Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, one of the courts most controversial rulings. The decision asserted that the First Amendment protects the rights of businesses, non-profit organizations, and other groups to make unlimited expenditures, including those intended to influence political campaigns and elections. Critics of the ruling believed it has allowed for an influx of corporate money into elections, weakening the democratic process. Proponents, on the other hand, believe that such money is a form of protected speech. In the 2007 case Morse v. Frederick, Roberts authored the majority opinion, which held that educators have a right to regulate student speech expressed at or near school-sponsored events. The litigation concerned a student who held a banner reading BONG HiTS 4 JESUS across the street from a school event. Roberts, invoking the school speech doctrine, wrote that the school principal had reason to restrict this speech because it was promoting illegal behavior. In a dissenting opinion, Justices Steven, Souter, and Ginsberg wrote that the Court does serious violence to the First Amendment in upholding...a schools decision to punish Frederick for expressing a view with which it disagreed. Personal Life Roberts is married to Jane Marie Sullivan, also an attorney. They have two adopted children, Josephine (Josie) and Jack Roberts. The Robertses are Roman Catholic and currently live in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. Legacy Roberts has played a significant role in Supreme Court history, often serving as a key swing vote on divided rulings. In 2012, he sided with the liberal side of the court in voting to uphold key provisions in the Affordable Care Act (aka Obamacare) as part of the decision National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. He sided with the conservative minority, however, in the case Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage throughout the United States. Sources Biskupic, Joan. The Chief: the Life and Turbulent Times of Chief Justice John Roberts. Basic Books, 2019.Liptak, Adam. â€Å"Supreme Court Upholds Health Care Law, 5-4, in Victory for Obama.† The New York Times, 28 June 2012.Toobin, Jeffrey. â€Å"Money Unlimited: How Chief Justice John Roberts Orchestrated the Citizens United Decision.† The New Yorker, 14 May 2012.

A Swot Analysis Of Red Bull - 1466 Words

In order to formulate four scenarios that can help improve the strategy of Red Bull in the United Kingdom over the next 20 years, it will be reasonable to consider a SWOT analysis of the company within its industry, then funnel it to a PEST analysis within the given nation, UK. This way, using Porter’s 5 Forces to back up its influence within the given market can better support it. Therefore, constructing four scenarios based on 2 independent factors will be feasible. SWOT Analysis Strengths: †¢ Market Leader – Red Bull maintains its lead as the industry leaders in energy drinks across the world with the annual sale of a billion cans. Statistically, in 2003, Red Bull achieved an 80% brand share in the UK market for energy drinks (Mintel, 2009). In Europe alone, Red Bull produces 2/3 of the overall volume in that region and holds the lead in 12 of the 13 West European country it is present in. With such potency, close competitors are failing to make major progression against Red Bull. †¢ Effort Applied toward marketing its product – Knowing its target market (18-25 age group), Red Bull creates campaigns such as Formula 1, BMX biking, Skiing events to promote its product (Red Bull Media House, 2014) by using the slogan ‘Red Bull gives you wings’. This concept significantly increased consumer brand awareness of the product it offered and differentiated it from its competitors. †¢ Alliance (Distribution Channel) – By forming an alliance with Cadbury Schweppes in Australia,Show MoreRelatedSWOT Analysis Red Bull1034 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional context Red Bull’s essence is based on its authenticity and free soul. As such a modern and young brand, they demonstrate it through extreme sports and challenging events, where they provide customers with a product that gives them the strength and energy they are looking for. They have built deep and strong emotional links that connect with their audience through every visible element: logo, slogan and can. Logo. Red Bull Logo Red Bull ´s gold and red logo has been consistentRead MoreSwot Redbull969 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT Strengths Industry leadership Throughout the world, Red bull is the leader in the energy drinks market with annual sales of billion dollars. According to the statistics, in year 2003 red bull achieved 80% brand share of the energy drinks in market. Since year 2000 (compare to 1990s), it has been a clear shakeout, and fewer new brands are launching new products to the market. Furthermore many products offered by leading drink manufacturers could not compete with Red bull in the market, suchRead MoreAnalysis On Current Phase And Opportunities Of Red Bull Company1252 Words   |  6 PagesMARKETING AUDIT This phase provides analysis on current phase and opportunities of Red Bull using Situation analysis and SWOT analysis (see appendix 2). Authoritative writers like Kotler (1977), define marketing audit as an instrument to judge an organization’s overall commitment to a market orientation. Marketing audit helps in increasing the profitability of the company (Kotler, 1999). INTERNAL ANALYSIS i. The Company The organization s inside investigation manages the organization sRead MoreThe Extreme Sports Market : Red Bull1516 Words   |  7 Pagesenergy drink powerhouse, Red Bull. Red Bull was founded in Austria in 1984, and since then has grown rapidly, while also inventing new marketing strategies along the way. According to Forbes, Red Bull is the â€Å"76th worldwide most valuable brand†, which is estimated to be worth 7.2 billion dollars. â€Å"The brand that gives you wings sold 5.6 billion cans, up 4%, across 170 countries in 2014† (Badenhausen, 2015). On the Other hand, just like many of the fortune 500 companies Red Bull is way more than justRead MoreRed Bull Energy Drink1614 Words   |  7 PagesIt Gives You Wiings 2. Contents * Executive Summary * SWOT Analysis * Promotion Opportunity Analysis * Corporate Strategies * Integrated Marketing Communications Management * Media Plan * Evaluation amp; Control 3. Executive Summary * Red Bull can be called as a pioneer in the energy drink category worldwide. In India too, Red Bull was the brand that created the energy drink category. * The brand cameRead MoreThe Red Bull Case Study Essay731 Words   |  3 Pages Red Bull Case Study 1). SWOT Analysis Strengths †¢ There are highly differentiated between competing sellers. †¢ Low entry barriers †¢ The results of consumption are more beneficial than soda †¢ Premium price with a high profit margin Weaknesses †¢ Criticisms on health effects †¢ The industry is rapidly growing with new entrants †¢ Strong competition requires heavy promotion in order to stand out amongst competitors †¢ The economy forces customers to choose the better value at a lower price OpportunityRead MoreSwot Analysis : Energy Drink Business883 Words   |  4 PagesSWOT Analysis Strengths The energy drink business today is very large, in the sense that there are many consumers within the target market. However, in this industry, there are not many different competitors. That is to say, there are a small number of energy drinks that you can choose from. The small number of competitors in the market makes it easier for other companies to enter the field. There is also a low threat of new entrants in this field. It would be hard for an outside company to infiltrateRead MoreMarketing Excellence - Red Bull1846 Words   |  8 PagesExcellence – Red Bull November 5, 2013 1. What are Red Bull’s greatest strengths and risks as more companies (like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Monster) enter the energy drink category and gain market share? Although Red Bull is a fairly young brand, it is currently the worldwide market leader in energy drinks. Originally conceived in 1982, the drink was founded in Austria in 1987 and then went international in 1992 with its introduction into Hungary (â€Å"Red Bull SWOT Analysis†). Today, Red Bull sellsRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Energy Drink Industry1135 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis: The energy drink industry is a fairly new market, with the top products being little under 30 years old. There are several strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the sector that are unique to this particular industry. Through a SWOT analysis, I will analyze this markets’ main components. The strengths of energy drinks are the specific branding, low rivalry, mainstream products, low pricing points, and powerful sponsorships. Each energy drink producer has a specific brandRead MoreEssay on Red Bull Situation Analysis2088 Words   |  9 PagesUniversity of Newcastle. It is the first part of the marketing plan for Red Bull, the leader of energy drinks market. The business overview, current situation analysis and marketing objectives are reviewed in this document as the following briefly details. The current objectives of the Red Bull are to stay in the same position as the leader, to be the brand icon of the extreme sports and to expand the existing markets. Red Bull has used some strategies to reach these goals, such as extending the product

Ethical And Unethical Decision In Leaders †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical And Unethical Decision In Leaders. Answer: Introduction Ethical leadership defines the leadership style, which is guided by respect for ethical values and beliefs towards maintaining the dignity and rights of others (Zhang et al., 2014). They can lead the employees towards organizational success through ethical and standard set of organizational values and principles. This study will describe a situation, which is linked to my learning experience upon leadership concept. I will describe my internship program in an organization of Singapore, where worked as a leader of a small leader. The study will link the situation with my learning experience about leadership. This study will describe some of my attitudes, which might predispose with certain types of leadership behavior. The study will also describe my personal values and sense of ethical and unethical decision in leaders. The study will also explain some of my work related preferences. Discussion Leadership defines the practical skills within an individual, which make him/her capable of leading individual, groups and even entire organization. According to Palanski, et al., (2014), effective leaders are always capable to inspire others in their organization. Moreover, leaders are positive and optimistic about the future of organization. In such situation, such positive attitude of the leaders becomes inspiring factor for their followers. Just like the leaders, I always remain positive about my positive. The optimistic thinking inside me leads to towards handling complex situation positively. Therefore, such positive attitude inside me can facilitate me in being an effective leader through inspiring others. On the other hand, Brown and Trevio, (2014) opined that effective leaders have high level of emotional intelligence, which makes them capable of understanding others emotion. Moreover, they can understand the inner feelings of their followers towards assessing their hidden c apabilities. In this context, I have strong emotional quotient, which makes me capable of understanding others feelings and perspectives. Such high level of emotional intelligence would lead me towards being an effective leader in an organization. Moreover, I will be able to understand the internal motivational factor of the employees towards successfully leading them for better production. Zhang et al., (2013) pointed out that effective leaders are always inclined towards maintaining integrity in their work. Moreover, they always take leading decision based on moral and ethical consequences of the decision. In such context, I always maintain ethics and adhere to moral perspectives in all my works. Such ethical adherence will build my potentiality towards being an effective leader through maintaining ethical ground in leading the followers. On the other hand, Demirtas and Akdogan, (2015) opined that effective leaders always respect their followers and appreciate them for their efficiencies. It helps the leaders in building collaborative and trustable relationship with followers. Likewise, I always respect the people around me, which make me capable of building trustable relationship with them. Such unique personality within me can predispose towards with trustable behavior of the leaders. Furthermore, Yukl et al., (2013) opined that effective leaders have high level of self-regulation power for managing themselves even in stressful situation. I have also felt strong self-regulation power in some extent of my life, where I effectively managed myself to deal with difficult situation. In this way, I can better exploit my strength over my weakness towards managing any stressful situation in organization. It will help me in better leading the people in stressful situation towards achieving organizational success. Sharif and Scandura, (2014) opined that values are the principles, qualities and standards within an individual, which leads them towards right direction. While considering my values, I always remain authentic in all my work, which directs me towards my success in almost every aspect of my life. I am also adventurous and highly inclined towards performing challenging task. I always take interest in learning new things through handling difficult situation with adventurous mind. The learning interest within me encourage me towards trying innovative work, which needs creativity power. It has always facilitated me in exploring new edge of life towards getting success. On the other hand, Jordan et al., (2013) opined that ethics defines the moral principles, which govern and direct people towards differentiating between right and wrong decision. From my perspective, ethical decision and action always spread greatest amount of good among the people. I think that ethical decision leads peopl e towards right direction in getting success in their life. It is more like being in accordance with the standards and rules for rights conduct. However, I faced tough challenges in maintaining the ethics in the organization during my internship. Moreover, apart from personal life, ethical conduct also facilitates in maintaining standard practice in professional life. In case of leadership, ethical practice helps the leaders towards maintaining fairness with their followers for leading their properly. I have understood that unethical decisions and actions lead people towards wrong decisions. Moreover, unethical leadership actually leads the leaders towards taking dishonest decision, which creates a distrusting relationship of the leaders with their followers (Newman et al., 2014). I think unethical decision in the leadership enhances the sufferings of the followers, which demoralize them in their workplace. Furthermore, as per my view, ethical leaders foster an ethical commitment both in themselves as well as their followers. It encourages the followers in sticking to core organizational principles. Moral reasoning defines the manner through which leaders make decision about ethical and unethical actions for solving moral decision. Therefore, I think moral reasoning surely facilitates the leaders in maintaining code of conduct within their organization though controlling the behavior of followers. I do not have any long-term professional working experience. However, I did my internship in one of the reputed organizations prior to the course. I was given the opportunity to work as the team leader of a small group. It was a people based company in the service sector. While working in the organization, I came to understand that execution of moral and ethical values was extremely difficult. Pierro et al., (2017) pointed out that a leader needs to ensure overall team performance optimization over individual perspective so that cumulative outcome remains unbiased. On the other hand, Hassan et al., (2013) highlighted that focusing on individual performance helps in creating directive approach to guide and nurture employee performance. I found myself to be a team player over individual achievement as I dealt with overall performance outcome over a single candidate. However, in doing this in was not able to gain knowledge of individual team mate issues and reasons for lagging. While considering the viewpoint of Van Gils et al., (2015), motivation leads to achievement and a leader is the best person so ensure the factor. Considering Theory X, a leader creates motivation through rewards and recognition system and this is truer while approach is according to individual goal oriented. On the other hand, Shin et al., (2015) pointed out that task-oriented leaders create more pressure on team mates and therefore highlighting inefficiencies create de-motivation among mates. In found myself to be both task-oriented and people-oriented however, since I followed team player approach, this contradicted with individualistic approach. Therefore, I failed to execute my leadership style as there was contradiction between approaches. From here, I can understand that I lack leadership qualities such as creating motivation among the team mates. According to Harvey et al., (2014), leaders who are process driven often find challenges while executing their leadership style because employees are asked to work under a set of policies and procedures, violation of which would lead to serious consequences. On the other hand, Chughtai et al., (2015) pointed out that goal driven leaders are more comfortable in leadership execution than process driven as employees are given flexibility and relaxation to achieve set goals. Considering two-factor theory, it can be said that existence of hygiene factors will surely help in creating motivation among employees. Being a leader, one needs to highlight the issues and discrepancies faced by employees. The same needs to be escalated to management. However, I being the leader failed to justify the hygiene factors such as positive work culture as I mostly followed process-oriented approach. Therefore, it can be said that I lack communication efficiency and creation of motivation along with positi ve work culture. Yidong and Xinxin, (2013) pointed out that most of the service based organizations ensure psychological and safety needs of the employees. However, failure in execution must be highlighted by a team leader. On the other hand, Demirtas and Akdogan, (2015) argued that it must be the managers who should be held responsible for poor execution of hygiene factors. Finally, Sharif and Scandura, (2014) highlighted that a team leader is the next best supervisor who needs to create the third stage, belongings and relationship needs by following the Maslow Hierarchy Needs theory. For such relationship, a leader must be open to all team mates through clear communication and by creating a positive work culture. On the contrary, I being the leader always focused on process driven objectives and overall team player approach by ignoring employee commitment and motivation initiatives. Considering the leadership approaches, I understood some of the strengths and weakness that I pose. I believe in creating competition and discipline by adhering to policies and procedures but at the same time I fail to coordinate with team members. I believe in serving themanagement and therefore find myself to be a servant leader. Some of my characteristics are awareness, healing, empathy and listening through conceptualization and persuasion. I do not have the ability to remain self-aware and self-conscious against my inner values and actions and therefore, I lack implementation ability. However, some of my strengths are maintaining discipline, ability to work under process and maintain outcome in tight schedules. Finally, it must be highlighted that I have the ability to work under critical scenarios as being calm and cool has helped me to justify and settle situations. In this way, managing employee grievances and meetingmanagement expectations. According to Shin et al., (2015), collaboration refers to the degree of co-operation among the employees in an organization. The purpose of collaboration is to achieve share and overlapping objectives of an organization. Therefore, being a leader, I highly value collaboration with the employees of an organization. It would enhance the support of the people for one another for which the employees can easily complete complex jobs. On the other hand, Yidong and Xinxin, (2013) opined that competition among individual employees is also important for enhancing their productivity. It is true that competition among the employees drive them towards enhancing their effort level. However, from my perspective, competition leads to a competitive environment within an organization, where everyone is competing with other. It can even foster beating mentality of the employees for each other, which can even cause clashes among them. Therefore, I do not value competition among the employees. Moreover, I never created any competitive mentality among the team members of the organization, where I worked as a leader during my internship program. Pierro et al., (2017) pointed out that social harmony meets the social needs of the employees, which rely upon effective, trustable relationship and highly level of communication among them. I think highly level of social harmony among the employees encourage them towards discussing over the topic, which are even beyond their professional boundaries. In this way, the employees can feel a familiar feeling even within their workplace, which reduce their work stress and enhance their job efficiency level. Therefore, I highly value social harmony in leading the employees in an organization. Moreover, I already took initiatives towards fostering social harmony among the team members of the organization, where I worked as a leader of a small team during my internship. The knowledge from my learning experience would better lead me towards building collaborative team in future. Chughtai et al., (2015) opined that time urgency is extremely important for completing the organizational task within stipulate deadline. It enhances the value of the customers through getting time delivery of the products and services. Moreover, from my perspective, strong time urgency within the employees drives them towards completing their task within strict deadline. In this way, it helps in enhancing the value of organizational project. Therefore, I have strong value of time urgency towards leading the employees of an organization. It also did the same for leading my team members in the organization during my internship programs. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that my work experience during my internship program is quite related to my learning experience. Moreover, I gained enough practical experience about leadership during that working situation, where I used to lead a small team in a reputed organization in Singapore. I have some unique personalities, which might be predisposed towards certain leadership behavior. Moreover, strong emotional intelligence and integrity power will lead me towards being an effective leader in future. Apart from that, I think ethical leaders always take ethical decisions, which spread greatest amount of good among their followers. From my perspective, team player initiatives are always better than individual achievement. I always value for both task-oriented person as well as people-oriented person. Moreover, I used to play the role of a manager in the organization having concern for both task as well as people towards leading better productivity. References Brown, M. E., Trevio, L. K. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership.Journal of Business Ethics,122(4), 587-598. Chughtai, A., Byrne, M., Flood, B. (2015). Linking ethical leadership to employee well-being: The role of trust in supervisor.Journal of Business Ethics,128(3), 653-663. Demirtas, O., Akdogan, A. A. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment.Journal of Business Ethics,130(1), 59-67. Harvey, P., Harris, K. J., Kacmar, K. M., Buckless, A., Pescosolido, A. T. (2014). The impact of political skill on employees perceptions of ethical leadership.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(1), 5-16. Hassan, S., Mahsud, R., Yukl, G., Prussia, G. E. (2013). Ethical and empowering leadership and leader effectiveness.Journal of Managerial Psychology,28(2), 133-146. Hassan, S., Wright, B. E., Yukl, G. (2014). Does ethical leadership matter in government? Effects on organizational commitment, absenteeism, and willingness to report ethical problems.Public Administration Review,74(3), 333-343. Jordan, J., Brown, M. E., Trevio, L. K., Finkelstein, S. (2013). Someone to look up to: Executivefollower ethical reasoning and perceptions of ethical leadership.Journal of Management,39(3), 660-683. Newman, A., Kiazad, K., Miao, Q., Cooper, B. (2014). Examining the cognitive and affective trust-based mechanisms underlying the relationship between ethical leadership and organisational citizenship: A case of the head leading the heart?.Journal of Business Ethics,123(1), 113-123. Palanski, M., Avey, J. B., Jiraporn, N. (2014). The effects of ethical leadership and abusive supervision on job search behaviors in the turnover process.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), 135-146. Pierro, A., Nevigato, G., Amato, C., van Knippenberg, D. (2017). Ethical Leaders and Leadership Effectiveness: The Moderating role of Individual Differences in Need for Cognitive Closure.Rassegna di Psicologia,33(1), 5-15. Sharif, M. M., Scandura, T. A. (2014). Do perceptions of ethical conduct matter during organizational change? Ethical leadership and employee involvement.Journal of Business Ethics,124(2), 185-196. Shin, Y., Sung, S. Y., Choi, J. N., Kim, M. S. (2015). Top management ethical leadership and firm performance: Mediating role of ethical and procedural justice climate.Journal of Business Ethics,129(1), 43-57. van Gils, S., Van Quaquebeke, N., van Knippenberg, D., van Dijke, M., De Cremer, D. (2015). Ethical leadership and follower organizational deviance: The moderating role of follower moral attentiveness.The Leadership Quarterly,26(2), 190-203. Yidong, T., Xinxin, L. (2013). How ethical leadership influence employees innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), 441-455. Yukl, G., Mahsud, R., Hassan, S., Prussia, G. E. (2013). An improved measure of ethical leadership.Journal of leadership organizational studies,20(1), 38-48. Zhang, X., Walumbwa, F. O., Aryee, S., Chen, Z. X. G. (2013). RETRACTED: Ethical leadership, employee citizenship and work withdrawal behaviors: Examining mediating and moderating processes.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), 284-297.

Siddhartha Quotes From His Spiritual Journey

'Siddhartha' Quotes From His Spiritual Journey Siddhartha is a novel by Hermann Hesse, an award-winning Swiss-German poet and novelist. A Western novel that takes place in India, the storyline follows Siddharthas spiritual journey during the time of Buddha. Exploring themes of enlightenment, the balance between opposites, love, and indirection, the episodic book reflects Hesses own pacifist outlook and Eastern influence.   Here are a few quotes from the work on the quest for self-discovery and nirvana.   Chapter 1 Was Atman then not within him? Was not then the source within his own heart? One must find the source within ones own Self, one must possess it. Everything else was seeking- a detour, error.When all the  Self was  conquered and  dead  when all passions and desires were silent, then the last must awaken, the innermost of Being that is no longer Self- the great secret! Chapter 2 Siddhartha was silent. He dwelt long on the words which Govinda had uttered. Yes, he thought, standing with a bowed head, what remains from all that is holy to us? What remains? What is preserved? And he shook his head. Chapter 3 You have renounced home and parents, you have renounced your own will, you have renounced friendship. That is what the teachings preach, that is the will of the Illustrious One.The teaching which you have heard...is not my opinion, and its goal is not to explain the world to those who are thirsty for knowledge. Its goal is quite different; its goal is salvation from the suffering. That is what Gotama teaches, nothing else.I, also, would like to look and smile, sit and walk like that, so free, so worthy, so restrained, so candid, so childlike and mysterious. A man only looks and walks like that when he has conquered his Self. Chapter 4 I, who wished to read the book of the world and the book of my own nature, did presume to despise the letters and signs. I called the world of appearances, illusion. I called my eyes and tongue, chance. Now it is over; I have awakened. I have indeed awakened and have only been born today.That was the last shudder of his awakening, the last pains of birth. Immediately he moved on again and began to walk quickly and impatiently, no longer homewards, no longer to his father, no longer looking  backward. Chapter 6 She taught him that lovers should not separate from each other after making love without admiring each other, without being conquered as well as conquering, so that no feeling of satiation or desolation arises nor the horrid feeling of misusing or having been misused.Siddharthas sympathy and curiosity lay only with the people, whose work, troubles, pleasures, and follies were  more unknown  and remote from him than the moon. Although he found it so easy to speak to everyone, to live with everyone, to learn from everyone. Chapter 7 He rose, said farewell to the mango tree and the pleasure garden. As he had not had any food that day he felt extremely hungry, and thought of his house in town, of his room and bed, of the table with food. He smiled wearily, shook his head and said good-bye to these things. Chapter 8 The wheel of appearances revolves quickly, Govinda. Where is Siddhartha the Brahmin, where is Siddhartha the Samana, where is Siddhartha the rich man? The transitory soon changes, Govinda, you know that.Now, he thought, that all transitory things have slipped away from me again, I stand once more beneath the sun, as I once stood as a small child. Nothing is mine, I know nothing, I possess nothing, I have learned nothing.As a  child,  I learned that pleasures of the world and riches were not good. I have known it for a long time, but I have only just experienced it. Now I know it not only with my  intellect  but with my ears, with my heart, with my stomach. It is a good thing that I know this. Chapter 9 Nothing was, nothing will be, everything has reality and presence. Chapter 10 It was true that he had never fully lost himself in another person to such an extent as to forget himself; he had never undergone the follies of love for another person.Siddhartha realized that the desire that had driven him to this place was foolish, that he could not help his son, that he should not force himself on him. He felt a deep love for the runaway boy, like a wound, and yet felt at the same time that this wound was not intended to fester in him, but that it should heal. Chapter 11 Had not his father suffered the same pain that he was now suffering for his son? Had not his father died long ago, alone, without having seen his son again? Did not he expect the same fate? Was it not a comedy, a strange and stupid thing, this repetition, this course of events in a fateful circle?All of them together was the stream of events, the music of life.From that hour Siddhartha ceased to fight against his destiny. There shone in his face the serenity of knowledge, of one who is no longer confronted with conflict of desires, who has found salvation, who is in harmony with the stream of events, with the stream of life, full of sympathy and compassion, surrendering himself to the stream, belonging to the unity of things. Chapter 12 Seeking means: to have a goal; but finding means: to be free, to be receptive, to have no goal.Therefore, it seems to me that everything that exists is good- death as well as life, sin as well as holiness, wisdom as well as folly. Everything is necessary, everything needs only my agreement, my assent, my loving understanding; then all is well with me and nothing can harm me.He saw all these forms and faces in a thousand relationships to each other, all helping each other, loving, hating, destroying each other and become newly born. Each one of them was mortal, a passionate, painful example of all that was transitory. Yet none of them died, they only changed, were always reborn, continually had a new face: only time stood between one face and another.